29 results
Hearing the Americas: Understanding the Early Recording Industry with Digital Tools
- Jessica Dauterive, Matthew B. Karush, Michael O’Malley
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- Journal:
- The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era / Volume 22 / Issue 4 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 December 2023, pp. 427-451
- Print publication:
- October 2023
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This article describes the methods and arguments of Hearing the Americas, a digital public history project that illuminates the history of popular music and the recording industry from 1890 to 1925. We argue that the use of digital tools allows the website to integrate sound directly into writing on music and thereby explicate a series of historical arguments. The article examines three arguments advanced by Hearing the Americas, showing in each case how digital tools generate new insights. The first case uses mapping to reveal some of the specific ways in which the economic and social context of Jim Crow shaped the experiences of Black performers; the second integrates sound and text to reveal the origins of certain blues conventions in the racist stereotypes of minstrel shows; and the final case uses digital tools to argue that the marketing strategies of the recording industry throughout the Americas helped produce a key shift in patterns of globalization.
Probabilistic Prediction of Oceanographic Velocities with Multivariate Gaussian Natural Gradient Boosting
- Michael O’Malley, Adam M. Sykulski, Rick Lumpkin, Alejandro Schuler
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- Journal:
- Environmental Data Science / Volume 2 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 May 2023, e10
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Many single-output regression problems require estimates of uncertainty along with the point predictions. For this purpose, there exists a class of regression algorithms that predict a conditional distribution rather than a point estimate. The off-the-shelf options are much more limited, however, when the prediction output is multivariate and a joint measure of uncertainty is required. In this paper, we predict a distribution around a multivariate random vector of dimension P, such that the joint uncertainty would quantify the probability of any vector in P-dimensional space. This is more expressive than providing separate uncertainties in each dimension. To enable joint probabilistic regression, we propose a natural gradient boosting approach based on nonparametrically modeling the conditional parameters of the multivariate predictive distribution, where we focus on the multivariate Gaussian distribution. Our method is robust, can be easily trained without extensive tuning, and performs competitively in comparison to existing approaches. The motivating application of our methodology is to predict two-dimensional oceanographic currents measured by freely floating Global Drifter Program drifters using remotely sensed data. We also demonstrate the method’s performance on simulated data. We find this method excels when strong correlation between output dimensions is present. As part of this work, we have added the model to the open source package at github.com/stanfordmlgroup/ngboost.
The predictors of interpregnancy change in body mass index
- Ciara Reynolds, Brendan Egan, Eimer O'Malley, Sharon Sheehan, Michael Turner
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E444
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Introduction
Pregnancy is a time when weight increases as part of a physiological process to aid fetal growth. However, when excess weight is gained during pregnancy, and retained thereafter, the risk of obesity in the future increases. Increasing BMI between pregnancies and maternal obesity are associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the risks of increasing BMI on future pregnancies is well defined, the predictors of this weight gain are not. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of interpregnancy BMI change.
Materials and methodsThis study was conducted in one of Europe's largest maternity hospitals delivering approximately 8000 infants per annum. Women's sociodemographic and clinical data were self-reported at the first antenatal visit and computerised to an electronic recording system by trained midwives. Weight and height were measured at the first antenatal visits of both pregnancies, and body mass index was calculated. Data was extracted and analysed for women who delivered their first and second singleton infants between 2009–2018.
ResultsA total of 12,056 women delivered their first and second baby over the 10-year period. The mean interval between pregnancies was 32.3months (SD15.9) and the median BMI change was 0.6units (IQR1.3). From the first to the second pregnancy the rate of obesity increased from 11.6% to 16.0%. Between pregnancies 46.1% of women maintained their BMI (-1 to + 1units), 13.3% lost > 1 BMI unit(s), whereas 15.5% gained 1–2unit(s), 9.9% gained 2–3units and 12.0% gained > 3units. Overall, 5.8% became obese by the second pregnancy. On multinomial regression analysis, having a pregnancy interval of > 3years (aOR2.1, 95%CI 1.9–2.5, p < 0.001), artificial feeding after the first pregnancy (aOR1.8, 1.5–2.0, p < 0.001), postnatal depression after the first pregnancy (aOR1.6, 1.3–2.1, p < 0.001) and taking prescribed anxiolytics or antidepressants (aOR1.6, 1.1–2.5, p = 0.013) were predictors of gaining > 3 BMI units between pregnancies after adjusting for maternal occupation and age. The predictors of becoming obese in the second pregnancy also included a pregnancy interval of > 3years (aOR1.5, 1.2–1.8, p < 0.001), artificial feeding after the first pregnancy (aOR2.1, 1.8–2.6, p < 0.001), postnatal depression after the first pregnancy (aOR1.7, 1.2–2.3, p = 0.001) and taking prescribed anxiolytics or antidepressants (aOR1.8, 1.1–3.1, p = 0.016) following the same adjustments.
ConclusionLonger pregnancy interval, not breastfeeding and psychological health disorders are predictors of BMI increase between pregnancies and becoming obese in the second pregnancy. Interventions provided following women's first delivery should aim to promote breastfeeding, manage weight and improve mental health.
Consortium of Otolaryngology Journal Editors: collegiality and contributions
- Robert T Sataloff, Rakesh Chandra, Edward W Fisher, David Goldenberg, Ehab Y Hanna, Jonas Johnson, David W Kennedy, Dennis H Kraus, John H Krouse, Michael Link, Lawrence R Lustig, Bert W O'Malley, Jr,, Jay F Piccirillo, Robert Ruben, Sandra Schwartz, Samuel H Selesnick, Raj Sindwani, Richard J Smith, Michael G Stewart, James Tysome, Peter C Weber, D Bradley Welling
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 134 / Issue 5 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 June 2020, pp. 379-380
- Print publication:
- May 2020
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Open access: is there a predator at the door?
- Rakesh Chandra, Edward W Fisher, Terry M Jones, David W Kennedy, Dennis H Kraus, John H Krouse, Michael Link, Lawrence R Lustig, Bert W O'Malley, Jr, Jay F Piccirillo, Robert Ruben, Robert T Sataloff, Sandra Schwartz, Raj Sindwani, Richard J Smith, Michael G Stewart, Peter C Weber, D Bradley Welling, Robin Youngs
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 132 / Issue 3 / March 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 March 2018, pp. 189-190
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- March 2018
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Rhetoric, Narrative, and the Remembrance of Death in ʿAttār's Mosibat-nāmeh
- Austin Michael O’Malley
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- Journal:
- Iranian Studies / Volume 51 / Issue 1 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2022, pp. 23-46
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- January 2018
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This paper examines the anecdotes of ʿAttār’s Mosibat-nāmeh as temporal phenomena from the perspective of a reader moving progressively through the text; it is argued that that these anecdotes do not function primarily as carriers of dogmatic information, but as dynamic rhetorical performances designed to prod their audiences into recommitting to a pious mode of life. First, the article shows how the poem’s frame-tale influences a reader’s experience of the embedded anecdotes by encouraging a sequential mode of consumption and contextualizing the work’s pedagogical aims. Next, it is demonstrated that these anecdotes are bound together through formulae and lexical triggers, producing a paratactic structure reminiscent of oral homiletics. Individual anecdotes aim to unsettle readers’ ossified religious understandings, and together they offer a flexible set of heuristics for pious living. Finally, it is argued that ʿAttār’s intended readers were likely familiar with the mystical principles that underlie his poems; he therefore did not use narratives to provide completely new teachings, but rather to persuade his audience to more fully embody those pious principles to which they were already committed.
IMF Working Paper Monetary and Capital Markets Department Possible Unintended Consequences of Basel III and Solvency II
- Ahmed Al-Darwish, Michael Hafeman, Gregorio Impavido, Malcolm Kemp, Padraic O'Malley
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- Journal:
- British Actuarial Journal / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / July 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 August 2013, pp. 273-325
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This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.
The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.
In today's financial system, complex financial institutions are connected through an opaque network of financial exposures. These connections contribute to financial deepening and greater savings allocation efficiency, but are also unstable channels of contagion. Basel III and Solvency II should improve the stability of these connections, but could have unintended consequences for cost of capital, funding patterns, interconnectedness, and risk migration.
Chapter 8 - Integration of Renewable Energy into Present and Future Energy Systems
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- By Ralph Sims, Pedro Mercado, Wolfram Krewitt, Gouri Bhuyan, Damian Flynn, Hannele Holttinen, Gilberto Jannuzzi, Smail Khennas, Yongqian Liu, Lars J. Nilsson, Joan Ogden, Kazuhiko Ogimoto, Mark O'Malley, Hugh Outhred, Øystein Ulleberg, Frans van Hulle, Morgan Bazilian, Milou Beerepoot, Trevor Demayo, Eleanor Denny, David Infield, Andrew Keane, Arthur Lee, Michael Milligan, Andrew Mills, Michael Power, Paul Smith, Lennart Söder, Aidan Tuohy, Falko Ueckerdt, Jingjing Zhang, Jim Skea, Kai Strunz
- Edited by Ottmar Edenhofer, Ramón Pichs-Madruga, Youba Sokona, Kristin Seyboth, Susanne Kadner, Timm Zwickel, Patrick Eickemeier, Gerrit Hansen, Steffen Schlömer, Christoph von Stechow, Patrick Matschoss
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- Book:
- Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation
- Published online:
- 05 December 2011
- Print publication:
- 21 November 2011, pp 609-706
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Summary
Executive Summary
To achieve higher renewable energy (RE) shares than the low levels typically found in present energy supply systems will require additional integration efforts starting now and continuing over the longer term. These include improved understanding of the RE resource characteristics and availability, investments in enabling infrastructure and research, development and demonstrations (RD&D), modifications to institutional and governance frameworks, innovative thinking, attention to social aspects, markets and planning, and capacity building in anticipation of RE growth.
In many countries, sufficient RE resources are available for system integration to meet a major share of energy demands, either by direct input to end-use sectors or indirectly through present and future energy supply systems and energy carriers, whether for large or small communities in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or non-OECD countries. At the same time, the characteristics of many RE resources that distinguish them from fossil fuels and nuclear systems include their natural unpredictability and variability over time scales ranging from seconds to years. These can constrain the ease of integration and result in additional system costs, particularly when reaching higher RE shares of electricity, heat or gaseous and liquid fuels.
Existing energy infrastructure, markets and other institutional arrangements may need adapting, but there are few, if any, technical limits to the planned system integration of RE technologies across the very broad range of present energy supply systems worldwide, though other barriers (e.g., economic barriers) may exist. Improved overall system efficiency and higher RE shares can be achieved by the increased integration of a portfolio of RE resources and technologies.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Costs of Management of Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids
- Emily M. O'Malley, R. Douglas Scott II, Julie Gayle, John Dekutoski, Michael Foltzer, Tammy S. Lundstrom, Sharon Welbel, Linda A. Chiarello, Adelisa L. Panlilio
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 28 / Issue 7 / July 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 774-782
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- July 2007
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Objective.
To determine the cost of management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids.
Design.A convenience sample of 4 healthcare facilities provided information on the cost of management of occupational exposures that varied in type, severity, and exposure source infection status. Detailed information was collected on time spent reporting, managing, and following up the exposures; salaries (including benefits) for representative staff who sustained and who managed exposures; and costs (not charges) for laboratory testing of exposure sources and exposed healthcare personnel, as well as any postexposure prophylaxis taken by the exposed personnel. Resources used were stratified by the phase of exposure management: exposure reporting, initial management, and follow-up. Data for 31 exposure scenarios were analyzed. Costs were given in 2003 US dollars.
Setting.The 4 facilities providing data were a 600-bed public hospital, a 244-bed Veterans Affairs medical center, a 437-bed rural tertiary care hospital, and a 3,500-bed healthcare system.
Results.The overall range of costs to manage reported exposures was $71-$4,838. Mean total costs varied greatly by the infection status of the source patient. The overall mean cost for exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected source patients (n = 19, including those coinfected with hepatitis B or C virus) was $2,456 (range, $907-$4,838), whereas the overall mean cost for exposures to source patients with unknown or negative infection status (n = 8) was $376 (range, $71-$860). Lastly, the overall mean cost of management of reported exposures for source patients infected with hepatitis C virus (n = 4) was $650 (range, $186-$856).
Conclusions.Management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids is costly, the best way to avoid these costs is by prevention of exposures.
Three-Dimensional Micro- and Nanofabrication with Multiphoton Absorption
- Christopher N. LaFratta, Richard A. Farrer, Tommaso Baldacchini, Juliet Znovena, Daniel Lim, Anne-Cécile Pons, Josefina Pons, Kevin O'Malley, Zeynel Bayindir, Michael J. Naughton, Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin C. Teich, John T. Fourkas
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 850 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, MM4.5
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- 2004
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Multiphoton absorption has become a powerful technique for the creation of three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures. Here we review some of our recent progress towards creating functional microdevices with multiphoton absorption. Specific thrusts of our research include development of new resins for multiphoton absorption polymerization, design of novel schemes for metal deposition, and post-fabrication ablation of polymeric structures.
Metastable travelling-wave solutions of singularly-perturbed reaction-diffusion equations
- JACQUES G. L. LAFORGUE, ROBERT E. O'MALLEY, MICHAEL J. WARD
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- European Journal of Applied Mathematics / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / August 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 1998, pp. 397-416
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This paper determines the asymptotic solution of certain initial-boundary value problems for singularly-perturbed reaction-diffusion equations, including the Allen–Cahn and Cahn–Hilliard equations, on bounded one-dimensional spatial domains for r[ges ]0. Attention is focused on the metastable evolution of a transition layer over an asymptotically exponentially-long time interval.
Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Published online:
- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990
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O'Malley and Chamot review the literature on learning strategies, describe and classify learning strategies in second language learning, and discuss why learning is affected in a positive manner when such strategies are used. The authors present instructional models for learning-strategy training that teachers can apply to their own classes. The material is based on current research in second language acquisition and cognitive theory.
Subject index
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 253-260
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4 - Learning strategies: methods and research
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 85-113
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Summary
In previous chapters we established the foundation for describing second language acquisition and learning strategies as complex cognitive skills within a cognitive-theoretical framework. This theoretical foundation is necessary for the research on learning strategies in second language acquisition we present in this and later chapters to have substance and meaning in a broader framework than would be provided by simply demonstrating that students report using learning strategies or that the strategies can be taught. We use the theory in this chapter to build a rationale for analyzing findings from the descriptive research, and in later chapters we use it to specify the conditions under which strategy training is likely to be effective.
Research on learning strategies is based on the assertion that strategies begin as declarative knowledge that can become proceduralized with practice and, like complex cognitive skills, proceed through the cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages of learning. At the cognitive stage, the strategy application is still based on declarative knowledge, requires processing in short-term memory, and is not performed automatically. The student may have a firm recollection of using the strategy with a specific task. In this case, research on how the strategy is used should be relatively easy and presumably could be performed through virtually any form of data collection, such as interviews or questionnaires. However, if the strategy application has become proceduralized and the strategy use is performed automatically, the student may not be aware of using the strategy, and data collection might require specialized techniques that interrupt ongoing mental processes.
7 - Learning strategies: models and materials
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 187-213
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Summary
Research on the learning strategies that second language students generate and strategies that can be taught is of great significance in understanding the operation of cognitive processes during second language acquisition. Nevertheless, as educators, we are also interested in extending the information gained from research to the improvement of both learning and teaching second languages. To this end, instructional models and materials are helpful in illustrating the ways in which research findings can be converted into practical classroom activities.
This chapter first examines a recent instructional model utilizing learning strategy instruction in first language contexts. Then we discuss the model we designed to teach learning strategies in English as a second language instruction as well as a sample of second language instructional materials that incorporate learning strategies. Finally, we suggest some needed areas of research on applications of learning strategies to second and foreign language classrooms.
Instructional models in first language contexts: strategic teaching
Jones et al. (1987) have developed a framework for instruction in all content areas based on cognitive learning theory and its applications to instruction in mainstream native English-language classroom settings. The Strategic Teaching Model is based on the following six researchbased assumptions about learning (Jones et al. 1987):
Learning is goal oriented. Expert learners have two major goals during the learning process: to understand the meaning of the task and to regulate their own learning. In other words, learners have both declarative knowledge, or content goals, and procedural knowledge, or strategic goals for a learning task.
5 - Strategies used by second language learners
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 114-150
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Summary
In this chapter, we will build upon the review presented in Chapter 4 and describe a series of studies we performed that elicited both general and specific information about strategies, the students who use them, and the second language tasks with which the strategies are used. The first study attempted to define and classify strategies used in second language acquisition and used retrospective interviews with students learning English as a second language. The second study extended this purpose and again used retrospective interviews to identify strategies in second language acquisition but with native English-speaking students learning foreign languages. The third study was designed to build on the definitions and classifications established with retrospective interviews by using thinkaloud data collection to probe in greater depth the ways in which individual strategies are used by ESL students on a listening comprehension task. The final study reports the results of think-aloud interviews conducted longitudinally with students learning foreign languages.
Study 1: learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students
At the time we began our first study of learning strategies in second language acquisition, we were aware of most of the research discussed in the previous chapter, with the exception of a few specific studies using questionnaires in second language acquisition (e.g., Oxford 1986; Padron and Waxman 1988; Politzer and McGroarty 1985; Zimmerman and Pons 1986), which emerged later. There had been no studies performed of strategies used by students learning English as a second language, and no integration of the separate work performed in cognitive psychology and second language research.
References
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 235-248
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8 - Summary and conclusions
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp 214-228
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Summary
Our primary intent has been to establish a foundation for the application of learning strategies to theory, research, and practice in second language acquisition. We began by describing the state of knowledge on these issues at the beginning of our research. We then presented a rationale and approach in cognitive theory for discussing learning strategies in second language acquisition. In the process, we indicated the types of constructs in second language acquisition to which the cognitive theory can be applied and described contributions the theory makes to understanding second language phenomena. We then discussed specific studies of learning strategies in second language acquisition, including studies intended for strategy definition and classification, strategy description with different types of learners and tasks, and validation of strategy effectiveness, which included correlational studies and strategy training research. Finally, we presented some instructional models that draw specifically upon this work in learning strategies and discussed one model in particular that has applications for second language classrooms.
This chapter summarizes what is known in theory, research, and practice beyond what was known at the beginning of our work. We also indicate what is not known and what some of the limitations are of the work reviewed. Finally, we provide some direction for future theory development, research, and instructional modeling.
Theoretical developments
Where cognitive theory has succeeded is in drawing a picture of how information is stored in memory and what processes are entailed in learning.
Contents
- J. Michael O'Malley, Anna Uhl Chamot
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- Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
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- 05 October 2012
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- 23 February 1990, pp v-vii
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